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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 17(4): 188-193, dez 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284245

ABSTRACT

A encefalite límbica vem sendo descrita como um distúrbio neurológico raro, que afeta seletivamente as estruturas do sistema límbico. Clinicamente, é caracterizada como uma desordem neurológica debilitante, que se desenvolve como encefalopatia rapidamente progressiva, causada por inflamação encefálica. Objetivamos aqui relatar um caso de encefalite do sistema límbico de provável etiologia autoimune para melhor conhecimento da comunidade médica, bem como averiguar métodos diagnósticos deste quadro. Paciente do sexo masculino, 59 anos, admitido em nosso serviço com queixa de confusão mental. O exame clínico evidenciou desorientação, disartria, paresia e parestesia no hemicorpo esquerdo, dificuldade de marcha, desvio de rima e histórico de epilepsia há 2 anos. No estudo por ressonância magnética do crânio, foram observadas extensas lesões que acometiam a região mesial do lobo temporal direito, todo o hipocampo e giro para-hipocampal direito, estendendo-se pelo fórnix até a porção posterior do hipocampo esquerdo, substância branca do lobo frontal bilateral. Mediante os resultados da investigação complementar, o paciente foi tratado com pulsoterapia de metilpredinisolona por 5 dias, resultando na regressão parcial dos sintomas. Atualmente, o paciente se encontra em seguimento ambulatorial para acompanhamento. A encefalite límbica é uma doença rara, porém muito importante de ser investigada e diagnosticada precocemente, uma vez que a progressão da doença pode causar incapacidade e sequelas irreversíveis.


Limbic encephalitis has been described as a rare neurological disorder affecting the limbic system structures selectively. Clinically, it is characterized as a debilitating neurological syndrome that develops as a quickly progressive encephalopathy caused by brain inflammation. This paper reports a case of limbic encephalitis, probably of autoimmune etiology, aiming to improve the knowledge of the medical community, and to promote a debate on diagnosis methods for this pathology. The patient is male, 59 years old, and was admitted at our service complaining of mental confusion. The clinical examination showed disorientation, dysarthria, left hemiparesis and paresthesia, gait difficulties, light asymmetrical smile, and history of epilepsy 2 years ago. The magnetic resonance imaging of skull showed extensive lesions affecting the mesial region of the right temporal lobe, the entire hippocampus, and right parahippocampal gyrus, extending through the fornix to the posterior portion of the left hippocampus, white matter of bilateral frontal lobe. Based on the complementary investigation results, the patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone for five days. Currently, he is being followed in the outpatient's department. Although being rare, limbic encephalitis shall be investigated and diagnosed early because its progression can lead to disability and irreversible sequelae


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Autoimmunity , Limbic Encephalitis/diagnostic imaging , Paresis/etiology , Paresthesia , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Confusion/etiology , Limbic Encephalitis/complications , Limbic Encephalitis/immunology , Limbic Encephalitis/cerebrospinal fluid , Limbic Encephalitis/drug therapy , Limbic Encephalitis/blood , Limbic Encephalitis/virology , Dysarthria/etiology , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Hyponatremia , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Neurologic Examination
2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-156351

ABSTRACT

Withdrawal delirium in alcohol dependence usually lasts 48 to 72 hours. However, certain factors can prolong delirium. We report a 39-year-old man with long-standing alcohol use who presented with delirium, which failed to resolve with treatment. On evaluation, he was found to have AIDS and limbic encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Adult , Alcoholism/complications , Delirium/etiology , Electroconvulsive Therapy , Humans , Limbic Encephalitis/complications , Male
6.
Neurol India ; 2001 Jun; 49(2): 185-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-120268

ABSTRACT

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare clinical entity, associated most often with the oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Clinically, it presents with affective changes in personality, memory loss, confusional state, hallucinations, and seizures; with dementia being the common feature as the disorder progresses. Response to treatment is disappointingly poor.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Limbic Encephalitis/complications , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Memory Disorders/etiology , Middle Aged , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/complications , Personality , Radiography, Thoracic
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